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Antonio Gramsci
1. Life and Political Activity
1.1 Sardinia (1891–1911)
Antonio Francesco Gramsci was born on 22 January 1891 in Ales, Sardinia to a middle-class family of Albanian descent.
Located in Italy’s southern Mezzogiorno, the island of Sardinia shared the region’s arid landscape, widespread poverty, and fragile social hierarchies. Gramsci was the fifth of seven children born to Giuseppina (née Marcia) and Francesco Gramsci and spent his early childhood near Cagliari, where his family had moved in 1897.
In infancy he developed Pott’s Disease, a spinal form of tuberculosis that was not properly treated and, as a result, he grew up with a “hunched” back. He suffered frequent health problems throughout the rest of his life (Davidson 1977: 22–23).
His father, a local civil servant, was suspended from his job in 1898 on politically motivated charges of corruption (he had supported an opposition candidate in local elections)
